Relational organising: a campaign asks supporters to text people they already know, from their own phones. To make that work, the app copies your address book and matches it against the voter file.
1 · Your phone
You have just signed up to volunteer. Tap the contacts you would hand over, or do what the app suggests. The contacts are invented.
Figures: Schein, A. et al. (2021), the Outvote app in the 2018 US midterms; the consent line is Reach's privacy policy (Reach, 2026). Full entries in the article's references.